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Court ADR Across the U.S.

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Texas

Summary

The following summarizes statewide court ADR rules and policies. For ADR in a local jurisdiction, see the local court’s website.

Note: This is a summary of state court ADR in Texas. Authority for federal court ADR is found in the Alternative Dispute Resolution Act of 1998. Information on federal court ADR rules and procedures can be found on each court’s website. Any studies or evaluations involving federal court ADR in Texas can be found in RSI’s Research Library and in Reports below.

State Legislation

  • Texas Code of Criminal Procedure Title 1, Chapter 5, Article 5.08: Mediation in Family Violence Cases
  • Texas Code of Criminal Procedure Title 1, Chapter 26: Arraignment
  • Texas Code of Criminal Procedure Title 1, Chapter 56, Article 56.13: Victim-Offender Mediation
  • Texas Civil Practice and Remedies Code Title 7, Chapter 151: Trial by Special Judge
  • Texas Civil Practice and Remedies Code Title 7, Chapter 152: Alternative Dispute Resolution System Established by Counties
  • Texas Civil Practice and Remedies Code Title 7, Chapter 154: Alternative Dispute Resolution Procedures
  • Texas Civil Practice and Remedies Code Title 7, Chapter 171: General Arbitration
  • Texas Family Code Title 1, Chapter 1, Subchapter G: Alternative Dispute Resolution
  • Texas Family Code Title 5, Chapter 107: Special Appointments and Social Studies
  • Texas Family Code Title 5, Chapter 153: Conservatorship, Possession, and Access
  • Texas Family Code Title 5, Chapter 203: Domestic Relations Offices
  • Texas Government Code Title 2, Chapter 27, Section 27.034(c): Alternative Dispute Resolution
  • Texas Government Code Title 2, Chapter 30, Section 30.00084: Municipal Courts of Record
  • Texas Government Code Title 2, Chapter 81, Section 81.072(e): Voluntary Mediation Program
  • Texas Government Code Title 2, Chapter 101: Filing Fees and Other Fees and Costs in Civil Proceedings
  • Texas Civil Practice and Remedies Code Title 7, Chapter 155: Settlement Weeks 

Statewide Court ADR Rules and Policies

  • Supreme Court of Texas Ethical Guidelines for Mediators

State Office of Court ADR:

  • No full-time state court ADR office.

Statutes

Civil Justice Reform Act of 1990

U.S. Congress. Dec. 1, 1990; amended Dec. 9, 2001

Resource Type: Legislation

Abstract: With this bill, each United States district court is required to develop a civil justice expense and delay reduction plan. As part of this plan, the act authorizes district courts to refer appropriate cases to designated ADR programs. The act also re...

Alternative Dispute Resolution Act of 1998

U.S. House of Representatives Office of the Law Revision Counsel. United States Code, Oct. 1, 1998

Resource Type: Legislation

Abstract: This act authorizes each United States District Court to require litigants in all civil cases to consider the use of ADR process. It provides the framework by which each district court should promulgate procedures and rules regarding the ADR process ...

Texas Government Code Title 2, Chapter 81, Section 81.072(e): Voluntary Mediation Program

Texas Legislature. Sep. 1, 2017

Resource Type: Legislation

Abstract: This section states that the Texas state bar shall establish a voluntary mediation and dispute resolution procedure to "resolve any allegation of attorney misconduct" as well as "facilitate coordination with other programs administered by the state b...

Texas Government Code Title 2, Chapter 27, Section 27.034(c): Alternative Dispute Resolution

Texas Legislature. Sep. 1, 2017

Resource Type: Legislation

Abstract: According to this statute, a justice of the peace may order alternative dispute resolution for deed restriction disputes. ...

Texas Family Code Title 5, Chapter 153: Conservatorship, Possession, and Access

Texas Legislature. Sep. 1, 2017

Resource Type: Legislation

Abstract: Section 153.0071 of this chapter states that the court can refer a parent-child relationship suit to arbitration or mediation if a written agreement exists or, in the case of mediation, by the court's own motion. Section 153.0072 states that a child-...

Texas Government Code Title 2, Chapter 101: Filing Fees and Other Fees and Costs in Civil Proceedings

Texas Legislature. Sep. 1, 2017

Resource Type: Legislation

Abstract: This chapter addresses fees in civil proceedings in the Texas Judicial Branch. A district or statutory county court clerk will collect fees "in certain civil cases to establish and maintain an alternative dispute resolution system, if authorized by t...

Texas Family Code Title 5, Chapter 107: Special Appointments and Social Studies

Texas Legislature. Sep. 1, 2017

Resource Type: Legislation

Abstract: According to this chapter, guardians and attorneys ad litem, as well as amicus attorneys, have the duty to "encourage settlement and the use of alternative dispute resolution" for disputes involving the children they represent. Additionally, in suits...

Texas Code of Criminal Procedure Title 1, Chapter 5, Article 5.08: Mediation in Family Violence Cases

Texas Legislature. Jan. 1, 2017

Resource Type: Legislation

Abstract: This article states that courts will not refer or order the victim or defendant of criminal prosecution cases arising from family violence to mediation, dispute resolution, arbitration or similar procedures. ...

Texas Family Code Title 5, Chapter 203: Domestic Relations Offices

Texas Legislature. Sep. 1, 2015

Resource Type: Legislation

Abstract: This chapter states that domestic relations offices may "provide an informal forum in which alternative dispute resolution is used to resolve disputes under this code" and may charge a reasonable fee to provide those services. ...

Texas Code of Criminal Procedure Title 1, Chapter 26: Arraignment

Texas Legislature. Sep. 1, 2015

Resource Type: Legislation

Abstract: This chapter states that the court "may assist the victim and the defendant in participating in a victim-offender mediation program" if the victim requests such action and if a guilty plea or plea of nolo contendere has not yet been accepted. ...

Texas Civil Practice and Remedies Code Title 7, Chapter 152: Alternative Dispute Resolution System Established by Counties

Texas Legislature. Jun. 17, 2011

Resource Type: Legislation

Abstract: This statute states that the commissioners courts of each county may establish an alternative dispute resolution system to include mediation, conciliation or arbitration. The court may contract with nonprofit corporations, political subdivisions, a p...

Texas Family Code Title 1, Chapter 6, Subchapter G: Alternative Dispute Resolution

Texas Legislature. Jun. 17, 2011

Resource Type: Legislation

Abstract: This subchapter addresses arbitration, mediation, collaborative law and informal settlement conferences in cases of marriage dissolution. The subchapter states that upon a written agreement from the parties, the court may refer them to arbitration fo...

Texas Civil Practice and Remedies Code Title 7, Chapter 151: Trial by Special Judge

Texas Legislature. Sep. 1, 2009

Resource Type: Legislation

Abstract: This chapter states that a judge in a district, statutory probate or statutory county court may, upon party agreement, refer a civil or family case to trial by special judge. The chapter addresses qualifications and powers of the special judge, attor...

Texas Civil Practice and Remedies Code Title 7, Chapter 155: Settlement Weeks

Texas Legislature. Sep. 1, 2009

Resource Type: Legislation

Abstract: This chapter states that any county with a population of 150,000 or above shall have a settlement week, during which district courts, constitutional and statutory county courts and the family law courts "will facilitate the voluntary settlement of ci...

Texas Civil Practice and Remedies Code Title 7, Chapter 154: Alternative Dispute Resolution Procedures

Texas Legislature. Jun. 19, 2009

Resource Type: Legislation

Abstract: Under this chapter, a court may refer a case to alternative dispute resolution (ADR) in response to party's motion or a motion of the court. Alternative dispute resolution processes addressed in the chapter include: mediation, minitrial, moderated se...

Texas Code of Criminal Procedure Title 1, Chapter 56, Article 56.13:Victim-Offender Mediation

Texas Legislature. Sep. 1, 2001

Resource Type: Legislation

Abstract: This article states that the Texas Department of Criminal Justice victim services division will train volunteers to serve as mediators between victims, guardians of victims and close relatives of deceased victims and offenders in cases of bodily inju...

Texas Government Code Title 2, Chapter 30, Section 30.00084: Municipal Courts of Record

Texas Legislature. Sep. 1, 1999

Resource Type: Legislation

Abstract: This section states that a municipal judge may, with party approval, order a defendant and victim or complainant to mediation or alternative dispute resolution to be paid for by the city. ...

Texas Civil Practice and Remedies Code Title 7, Chapter 171: General Arbitration

Texas Legislature. Sep. 1, 1997

Resource Type: Legislation

Abstract: This statute addresses arbitration in cases where there is a written agreement and the conflict occurs either at the time of or after the date of the agreement. Parties may only revoke an agreement "on a ground that exists at law or in equity for the...

Rules

Supreme Court of Texas Ethical Guidelines for Mediators

Supreme Court of Texas. Jun. 1, 2011

Resource Type: Guidelines

Abstract: These guidelines are intended to promote public confidence in the mediation process and serve as a general guide for mediator conduct. The guidelines provide general rules of mediator conduct involving the use of information gained during mediation, ...

Reports

Eviction Prevention and Diversion Programs - Early Lessons from the Pandemic

Mark Treskan, Solomon Greene, Olivia Fiol, Anne Junod. Urban Institute; Housing Crisis Research Collaborative, Apr. 1, 2021

Resource Type: Report

Abstract: This report details the diversity of court-based and court-adjacent eviction prevention and diversion programs that were created or adapted to prevent evictions during the COVID-19 pandemic. In this resource, eviction prevention and diversion program...

Online Dispute Resolution in the United States

American Bar Association. Sep. 1, 2020

Resource Type: Report

Abstract: The ABA Center for Innovation surveyed the extent of court-annexed online dispute resolution (ODR) in the United States as it existed at the end of 2019. This report contains statistics and visualizations to document the information captured from the...

Texas Online Dispute Resolution Proposed Policy Framework

Office of Court Administration, Civil Justice Committee. Jul. 6, 2020

Resource Type: Guide, Report

Abstract: This proposed policy framework (found in Attachment A) is intended to provide information to the Civil Justice Committee of the Texas Office of Court Administration and other state policy makers as they seek to enact policies to guide the development...

ADR in the Federal District Courts: An Initial Report

Stienstra, Donna. Nov. 1, 2011

Resource Type: Report

Abstract: This report describes the use of ADR in the federal courts. Twelve years after the Alternative Dispute Resolution Act required federal courts to provide ADR services for all civil cases, every federal district court has authorized at least one form o...

Long-Term Outcomes of Child Protection Mediation on Permanency for Children in Foster Care

Madden, Elissa Eichel. Dissertation, University of Texas at Austin, Aug. 1, 2010

Resource Type: Study

Resource Type: Mediation Efficacy Study

Abstract: For this comparative study of the effect of mediation on the time it takes to achieve a permanent placement for children in care, the author matched 315 cases in Texas that went through mediation to 315 that did not. She found that slightly more chil...

Child Protection Mediation in Texas: Past, Present and Future

Bryant, Cynthia. Mar. 10, 2001

Resource Type: Report

Abstract: Child protection mediation began as a pilot project in Texas. The success of the pilot led to implementation across most of the state. The University of Texas Law School Mediation Clinic conducted a survey of judges, attorneys and mediators in an eff...

Report on the Implementation of the Children's Justice Act Mediation Pilot Projects, 2003-2005

Nasworthy, Carol; Tarver, Tracy. Jan. 1, 2006

Resource Type: Evaluation

Abstract: This study examines the implementation and success of Child Protection Services mediation programs in four counties throughout Texas from 2003 to 2005. Programs in the South Texas Cluster Court and the North East Texas Foster Care Docket, both of whi...

Victim Offender Dialogue in Crimes of Severe Violence: A Multi-Site Study of Programs in Texas and Ohio

Umbreit, Mark S., et al.. Dec. 1, 2002

Resource Type: Study

Abstract: This study examines statewide victim offender dialogue programs to provide victims of severe violence the opportunity to meet the offender should the offender agree. For the study, 79 interviews were conducted - 40 with victims or family survivors, 3...

Report on the Implementation of the Children's Justice Act Mediation Pilot Projects, 2002

Nasworthy, Carol; Tarver, Tracy. Jan. 1, 2002

Resource Type: Evaluation

Abstract: This study examines the implementation and success of Child Protection Services mediation programs in five counties around Texas during 2002. Programs in the South Texas Cluster Court and the North East Texas Foster Care Docket, both of which cover m...

Report on the Implementation of the Children's Justice Act Mediation Pilot Projects, 2001

Nasworthy, Carol; Tarver, Tracy. Jan. 1, 2001

Resource Type: Evaluation

Abstract: This study examines the implementation and success of five different Child Protection Services mediation programs in counties around Texas during 2001. Survey data was collected from judges, mediators, staff and mediation participants to determine t...

Report on the Implementation of the Children's Justice Act Mediation Pilot Projects, 2000

Nasworthy, Carol; Tarver, Tracy. Nov. 1, 2000

Resource Type: Study

Resource Type: Mediation Efficacy Study

Abstract: This study examines the implementation and outcomes of Child Protection Services mediation programs in 12 counties around Texas. Survey data was collected from judges, mediators, staff, and mediation participants to determine the settlement rate and ...

An Evaluation of Mediation and Early Neutral Evaluation Under the Civil Justice Reform Act

Kakalik, James S.. Jan. 1, 1996

Resource Type: Study

Resource Type: Mediation Efficacy Study

Abstract: Examines the implementation, costs, and effects of mediation and early neutral evaluation programs for civil cases in six federal district courts with CRJA pilot programs. The districts studied were: California (Southern), New York (Eastern), New Yor...

Victim Offender Mediation: An Analysis of Programs in Four States of the U.S.

Umbreit, Mark S.; Coates, Robert B.. Jan. 1, 1992

Resource Type: Report

Resource Type: Mediation Efficacy Study

Abstract: This report evaluates existing victim offender programs in the U.S. It studied juvenile courts in Albuquerque (NM), Austin (TX), Minneapolis and St. Paul (MN), and Oakland (CA), in terms of the mediation process and outcomes, client satisfaction, per...

Contacts

A.A. White Dispute Resolution Institute

Resource Type: Organization

Abstract: This organization is part of the University of Houston College of Business Administration. Its purpose is to promote greater understanding of conflict resolution and its impact in society and to encourage expansion of the field. The Center states th...

Texas Mediator Credentialing Association

Resource Type: Organization

Abstract: The Texas Mediator Credentialing Association is a non-profit organization that offers voluntary credentialing to all mediators in Texas who qualify and maintains a list of mediators who have been granted such credentials. Its Code of Ethics and Stand...

University of Texas at Austin Center for Public Policy Dispute Resolution

Resource Type: Organization

Abstract: "The Center is a resource to governmental agencies, courts and practitioners for the planning, design and implementation of ADR processes and to the private sector regarding disputes having an impact on public policy." The center also offers training...

State Bar of Texas Alternative Dispute Resolution Section

Resource Type: Organization

Abstract: The section's website features information regarding Texas ADR legislation, Texas training standards for ADR trainers, ADR Section Ethical Guidelines for Third-Party Neutrals, ADR articles, ADR case law updates and internet links to other ADR organiz...

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